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Planetary boundaries

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Nine processes (climate, biodiversity, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, freshwater, land use, ocean acidification…) whose transgression threatens the stability of the Earth system. According to the 2025 assessment, seven of nine are crossed.

Reference source: www.stockholmresilience.org

Definitions checked in October 2026 against the sources cited. Spotted an error or a regulatory change? Report it in the Agora.

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